Flanagan & Landgraf (1968)

James L. Flanagan & L.L. Landgraf (1968): “Self-oscillating source for vocal-tract synthesizers.” IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustics AU-16: 57–64. Reprinted in: James L. Flanagan & Lawrence R. Rabiner (eds.) (1973): Speech synthesis, Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Stroudsburg.

The authors show that if we model each vocal cord as a single mass-spring system, the vocal cords will vibrate passively as a result of the interaction with a glottal airflow.

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- Ishizaka & Flanagan (1972)